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Main ProblemsRyanair is the leading carrier by passenger numbers and trade capitalization in Europe by 2010. The challenges Ryanair is faced with could be divided into two areas.Macroeconomic EnvironmentThe unfavourable economic conditions in 2008 limited Ryanairs opportunity to raise fares, in the event of continued global recession, Ryanairs passenger volume growth would be restricted Passengers would reduce the spending on leisure and business travels for saving money.Also, the cost of aviation fuel is another element would effect Ryanairs profitability. In view of fact that accessibility of vegetable oil decreases, global demand increases, and the unpredictable exchange rate, the Ryanair model, i.e., to be as low-cost, would be difficult for Ryanair itself.Furthermore, the disputed advertisements of Ryanair besmeared the firms reputation. Ryanair reduces it advertising costs and relying on sporty PR. Because it used a photograph of Spanish Queen Sofia without authority, the f irm was forced to pay a fine to the Queen and made a public apology. These controversial advertisements were beneficial to the expansion of the brand at beginning, however the offensive theme would subsequently risky to the companys image. Interior of RyanairThe relationship between employees and Ryanair was negative. Ryanair providing disgrace working conditions for employees and refuse to recognise unions. According to the case study, the Irish High Court ruled Ryanair had bullied pilots to accept new contracts in July 2006. The pressures come from pilots over their need for higher wage and better working conditions. In 2009, only 11 out of the 64 pilots who decided to stay with the company. Thus, Ryanair would struggle to avoid recognisin... ...ative feeling of from nowhere to nowhere.For services of the value chain, the cost could be saved by becoming a no frills and low fares carrier. However, the low quality services power destroy Ryanairs public reputation.Under primary ac tivities-marketing & sales and support activities- the technology development, Ryanair spreads accommodation as well as car rentals news with its official website. In 2010, its website ranked 12th by number of visits for e-tailers in the UK. The cost of travel agents and advertising could be kept in a negligible level. However, the heavy dependence on the official website might be a potential risk for Ryanair.As a consequence, the value chain helps Ryanair to think of itself in terms of sets of activities, to identify its particular competitive advantages and weaknesses thus enhance value or decrease cost in value activities.

Rhinoceros :: English Literature Essays

RhinocerosThe human race has advanced over galore(postnominal) years, and during this time, object lesson standards have developed. These moral standards, distinctively different from the laws of nature, are standards set specifically for humans. The play Rhinoceros, written by playwright Eugene Ionesco, associates this difference in moral standards and laws of nature. Ionesco uses Jean, a French businessman, to display the differences between these two way of lifes of life. In Act I, Jean believes in the values of the society, moral standards, but as he changes into a beastly rhinoceros in Act II, his beliefs begin to change the dramatic transformation of Jean displays the difference in the laws of man and the laws of beast. The laws of man find out society values such as manners and friendship. In Act I, Jean abides these values absolutely, and this is reflected in his personality and physical qualities such as his way of dress. Jean enters the first scene, fastidiously dresse d in a brown suit, red tie, stiff collar and a brown hathis shoes are yellow and well polished. He wears gloves and carries a cane (6). Jean, in this case, is a typical example of todays society and how people care to a fault much about his/her appearance. Appearance determines class, and Jean follows these society values to show that he has class. In addition to this, he attempts to show that he has class and is manfully by persistently explaining that he is strong, and he is strong for several reasons. In the first place he is strong because he is naturally strong and secondlybecause he has moral strength (23). Once more(prenominal) Jean displays a belief in moral standards, the belief that strength is an attribute that determines the difference between a deserving or undeserving person. These beliefs, on the other hand, are incredibly different from those of nature. In the world of Mother Natures, animals do not follow moral standards, but believe in the survival of the fitte st. Amazingly, Jean begins to completely alter his beliefs as he changes into a rhinoceros. In Act I, Jean enjoyed his success in society and his position to notice and label others less stable than he. I n Act II, however, Jean shows animal-like characteristics more than this. As the second act begins, the audience notices that Jean is still in bed, untidy, instead of at the office where he should be. This immediately shows that Jean is not the same man who used to believe that the superior man is the man who fulfills his calling (9).

Irony in Kate Chopins Story of an Hour Essay -- Chopin Story of An Ho

Irony in Chopins Story of an hour Irony is a physical exerciseful craft for giving stories many un anticipate twists and turns. In Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour, irony is used as an effective literary device. Situational irony is used to show the reader that what is expected to happen sometimes doesnt. Dramatic irony is used to clue the reader in on something that is happening that the characters in the story do not hit the hay about. Irony is used throughout Chopins The Story of an Hour through the use of situational irony and the use of dramatic irony. Situational irony is used in The Story of an Hour through Mrs. Mallards reaction to her husbands death and the description of the settings around her at this time. Upon hearing the news of her husbands death, Mrs. Mallard wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment (Chopin 213). It appeared to every unrivalled that as a consequence of her husbands death, Mrs. Mallard was incredibly sad. She insisted upon being al one and retreated to her room. The sort of reaction she had seems like one typical to someone who had just lost a love one. She experienced grief and shock. However, once she is alone in her room, the reader discovers another side of her emotions. Once she calms down, she whispers Free, free, free (Chopin 214), and the reader realizes that she is not having a typical reaction. kind of of being saddened by the loss of her husband, Mrs. Mallard is relieved. She saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she clear and spread her arms out to them in welcome (Chopin 214). Mrs. Mallard, instead of wondering who will support her in years to come, realizes that she will have no one binding her a... ...sease - of joy that kills (Chopin 215). While all of the characters in the story think that Mrs. Mallard died of joy, the reader of the story knows otherwise. Mrs. Mallard actually died because she was heart-broken and shocked at the domain of her husband being alive. With the news of him being alive, her plans for a free, self-sufficient future are dashed. The use of irony is integral to the plot of The Story of and Hour by Kate Chopin. Situational irony is used to surprise the reader and add an interesting twist to Mrs. Mallards discovery of her husbands death. Dramatic irony is used to give the reader insight into Mrs. Mallards situation. The use of irony serves to make the story more interesting and the ending becomes a complete surprise to the reader. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. New York Penguin Books, 1984.

opium war Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Opium War was a war fought by 2 countries Great Britain and chinaware in 1839. The war was fought over the drug opium which was used by the Chinese for hundreds of year to relieve pain. opium is a habit forming narcotic made from the poppy plant. In the late 1700s the British was smuggling the drug into China for non-medical use. The navies of the two countries mostly fought the battles of the opium war at sea. Within three years the Chineses old ships were simply no matches for the brand new British ships. In 1843 the Chinese and the British signed the treaty of Nanjing. This treaty gave the British the island of Hong Kong. In 1844 the United States of America and other countries gained extraterritorial rights. Which this allowed other countries to trade in china and not live b...

Essays --

The Hagia Sophia was a former Greek Orthodox basilica church, and later became a mosque, and straight is a m designum in Istanbul, Turkey. It is definitely a architectural beauty. The name means holy wisdom. It contains deuce floors centered on a giant nave and has a dome ceiling, with smaller domes that tower above. From 537-1453 it served as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral, except between the dates 1204-1261, where it was converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Empire. The building was a mosque from 1453-1931. It was then opened as a museum in 1935. There are many original parts of this structure, although it has gone through two fires. The first fire occurred in year 404, when rioters burned the church down in protest. The church took 10 years to be re-built. It was burned down over again about 100 years later by the Nica Riots. The church was again rebuilt, but then in 1346 the church faced some damage collectible to an earthquake (Hagia Sophia Facts, Histo ry & Architecture).The Dome of the Rock is a edifice that is located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. According to Jewish belief, Abraham offered his son, Isaac, as a sacrifice. It has as well as survived earthquakes. The inscriptions on the inside of the dome glorify and praise Islam as the true revelation of the faiths of Judaism and Christianity. The building is not considered a mosque, but a panic-stricken site. It enshrines the rock from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven. The Dome of the Rock was the first domed shrine to be built, and is considered a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. Its significance stems from religious traditions regarding the rock, also known as the Foundation Stone, which is considered the heart of the structure (About Dome of ... ...as crossed boundaries and tested the limits of arts, and has inspired art to tell stories. Technology has definitely changed the way we heap art from prehistoric times to now. For example digital art. Modern technology has transformed from more traditional art such as paintings, sculpting, or drawing, and allows artists to use digital technologies in the production of their pieces. Graphic designers are now able to create images through programs through the computer that cant be done by a simple piece of paper. 3D art looks more detailed, and art can often be flawless with the use of technology and computers. So to summarize what I just said, there are many different factors in the evolution of art throughout the years. Cultural change, new materials being used, values, technology, religion, belief systems, increased independence have contributed to the change of art.

Essays --

The Hagia Sophia was a former Greek Orthodox basilica church, and ulterior became a mosque, and now is a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. It is definitely a architectural beauty. The name means holy wisdom. It contains two floors centered on a giant nave and has a bean plant ceiling, with smaller domes that tower above. From 537-1453 it served as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral, except between the dates 1204-1261, where it was converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Empire. The building was a mosque from 1453-1931. It was then subject as a museum in 1935. There are galore(postnominal) original p inventions of this structure, although it has gone through two fires. The first fire occurred in grade 404, when rioters burned the church down in protest. The church took 10 years to be re-built. It was burned down again about 100 years later by the Nica Riots. The church was again rebuilt, but then in 1346 the church faced some damage due to an earthquake (Hagia Sophia F acts, History & Architecture).The edible bean of the rocknroll is a edifice that is located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. According to Jewish belief, Abraham offered his son, Isaac, as a sacrifice. It has also survived earthquakes. The inscriptions on the inside of the dome glorify and praise Islam as the true revelation of the faiths of Judaism and Christianity. The building is not considered a mosque, but a scared site. It enshrines the rock from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven. The Dome of the Rock was the first domed shrine to be built, and is considered a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. Its significance stems from religious traditions regarding the rock, also known as the Foundation Stone, which is considered the total of the structure (About Dome of ... ...as crossed boundaries and tested the limits of arts, and has inspired art to tell stories. Technology has definitely changed the way we view art from prehistoric times to now. For object lesson digital art. Modern technology has transformed from more traditional art such as paintings, sculpting, or drawing, and allows artists to use digital technologies in the production of their pieces. pictorial designers are now able to create images through programs through the computer that cant be done by a simple piece of paper. 3D art looks more detailed, and art can often be flawless with the use of technology and computers. So to summarize what I just said, there are many different factors in the evolution of art throughout the years. Cultural change, new materials being used, values, technology, religion, belief systems, increased freedom have contributed to the change of art.

Defects of Human Nature Essay

Human nature can be defined as being the psychological characteristics of benevolentkind which are understood to be shared by all human beings. In the original Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the flaws of human nature are explored in detail. When critics asked Golding about the floor of the novel, he replied, The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature (p. 204). He believes that political systems cannot govern society effectively without first victorious into consideration the defects of human nature.One of the numerous flaws in human nature which is illustrated in Lord of the Flies is the reluctance of admitting is mistakes. The characters in this novel are of young age, the oldest being around 12 or 13 years old. This leaves room for many mistakes to be made, as young children are brim to make mistakes. It is human nature to deny mistakes, and to instead blame mishaps on others. In the beginning of Lord of the Flies, when the first meeting is held, Piggy suggests a head count to keep track of everyone, especially the littluns. Ralph and Jack dismiss this idea by making fun of Piggy instead of taking his chin-wagging into consideration. There was a little child that talked about a snake-thing (p. 35). He is only distinguished by a mark on his face. The other boys jape at the child and write off the idea as a nightmare. Later, when the boys are looking for wood, they come across a snake-pit. It is then when Piggy realizes that the nice boy with the mark on his face is gone. That littleun that had a mark on his facewhere ishe now? I tell you I gaint see himwhere is he now? (p. 46-47) Piggy reprimands the other boys for not listening him and taking a head count. Instead of admitting his mistake, Ralph shame to the full mumbles an excuse peradventure he went back to the, the (p. 47). Ralph and Jack also blame the incident on Piggy who was put in charge of the names. However, it is not Piggys blot b ecause there was no way that he could accomplish this task without the cooperation of the other boys, which was not available to him. The absence of the little one is ignored and is never verbalize of again.This is an example of how people are reluctant to admit their mistakes and would rather blame things on others. When Simon realizes that the beastie is not real, but is rather the dead parachuter, he feels obligated to asseverate the other boys of his discovery. However, Simon barges in on them during one of their feast celebrations. The boys at the feast are dancing and are caught up in the excitement of the night. zero(prenominal) fully aware of the situation, when Simon made his unannounced entrance, he was mistaken for being the beast.In the excitement of the night, nobody realized the mistake and as a consequence, Simon was brutally murdered. afterwards the incident, nobody believed that they actually committed the murder, and instead they all try to find excuses for the ir actions Dont you understand, Piggy? The things we did He may still be No. Praps he was only pretending (p. 157). It was an accident, thats what it was coming in the dark. He was batty. He asked for it. It was an accident. It was an accident, and thats that. (p. 157).Ralph and Piggy are not satisfied with what they had done when they woke up the next morning. Ralph realizes what happened, but Piggy persistently attempts to find an excuse for their actions, as can be seen in the quotes above. He denies all interlocking in the murder and struggles to prove to himself, as well as to Ralph, that they both were not connected to the killing in any way. Sam and Eric or Samneric feel the akin way about the situation as do Ralph and Piggy. The twins act as if they were not present when the murder took place, even though it is obvious they were.They guarantee this excuse by pretending that they unexpended the feast early because they were tired. Piggy and Ralph go along with this ex planation and actually use it for themselves as well We left early, said Piggy quickly, because we were tired. So did we (p. 158). All four of the boys are pretending that they do not know of what is going on and are shaken by the dance they had not attended (p. 158). Throughout The Lord of the Flies, William Golding identifies many defects of human nature. One of the themes of the novel is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature (p. 204). The flaws in human nature must be taken into consideration in order to build a successful political structure. In this novel, the young children do now have this knowledge and therefore their society breaks down. It is in human nature for one to be unwilling to admit ones mistakes, and throughout the Lord of the Flies, Golding has exemplified this flaw in a variety of different ways.

Formational Hermeneutics

When the Journey of that begins at the intersections of sin and shame, the destination is roughly convincingly assured. It is difficult to block out the persistent, internal voice that whispers, uniform no good. Youre a sinner. Youre a loser. Youll never amount to anything signifi thunder mugt in this life. These internal whispers incite passel that they argon nonhing more than wretches who atomic number 18 someway lucky to be saved by divinity fudges amazing grace. To that point, some of the most significant rescuerian hymns may even be guilty of reinforcing this type of theology. On the other hand, many goodChristian people ar afraid of what they perceive as the alternative theology which they somehow think subtlety and incorrectly suggests, muff are gods. You shake by Christ-consciousness. You are divine. Many well-meaning followers of Christ are afraid that giving these haggling any space in their hearts may actually lead them down a completely different road of s kewed theology by convincing them that they should be the unmatched sitting in matinee idols place, that they dont need to rely on anyone bigger than themselves because they already have everything they need in and of themselves.The Christians primary state is to pin down exactly what the volume says well-nigh their true identicalness and what their responsibilities are as followers of Christ. A Christian maintenance out of their true indistinguishability in Christ has the creator to change the world. Who is Christ? In order to properly understand their true identity in Christ, a Christian moldiness first appropriately determine who de extendryman Christ actually is. While this may seem like a fairly simple question on the surface, it may actually be much more complicated than originally expected.For example, the de sufferry boy many Christians come to know when they first go across heir life-transforming moment of faith (Conversion Experience) may not be the same delive rer to them twenty years later. Lifes many twists and turns have a design to distort some Christians ground of Jesus. The simple, child-like faith that originally rescued them from the domain of darkness has sound much more complicated and convoluted through the years and their image of who Jesus is has the tendency to be drastically altered through these experiences.For others, the Christ they came to know by faith turned out to be more of an intellectual Christ than anything else. at once they finally had the opportunity to meet the real Jesus experientially, it changed their complete understanding of who He in truth is. Much like Saul on the Road to Damascus, when the veritable Jesus shows up in all of His glory, He has a tendency to turn everything we always kelvinght we knew completely upside down Ones personal, intellectual association of Him? Is it through a personal experience one has at some point in life?Or could it be that the best way to aboveboard understand wh o Jesus Christ is can be found in the pages of His intelligence operation, the Bible? The story of who Jesus is remains consistent throughout the pages of Scripture gibe to Stan Janet and Bruce Bicker Jesus Christ is God in the flesh, The Messiah, The Savior of the World. He came to earth to show humanity how they were intentional to live, and as a result of Him living this kind of life fully and completely, humanity sentenced Jesus to death by crucifixion. Manta 1998, 205-211) But even death couldnt stop Jesus.His resurrection from the dead proved that He was who He said He was and that He was capable of changing everything for those who trusted Him enough to put their complete confidence in Him. According to Christian Smith, Jesus Christ is also the purpose, center, and interpretive key to the entire Bible. (Smith 2011, 97) When the Holy Scriptures are read Characteristically, Chronologically, and Characteristically, the story of the Bible finally begins making spiritual sense. (Smith 2011, 98) The Bible is all about Jesus.Every Old Testament story foreshadows Him. Every Prophecy points to Him. The Gospels are an eyewitness account of His life and the remainder of the New Testament reinforces who Jesus is and wherefore He should be the centerpiece for everyone who calls him or herself a Christian. Jesus Christ is God in the flesh pursuing a relationship with His children. He is assay to show them who they really are in relationship to Him. He is desperately trying to convince them of their true identity because he understands the implications of this life-altering truth.It has been misunderstood and misrepresented by well-meaning Christians for thousands of years and it continues to be misunderstood today, but if those who call themselves followers of Christ could finally understand their true identity and begin living freely and unabashedly out of that identity, it would have the power to revolutionize the oral Christian Smith does an amazing Job of co nvincing his readers that the interpretive key to understanding not only what the Bible is all about, but who they are in their core identity is Jesus Christ Himself. Who Are We in Christ?In the ten percent chapter of bathrooms Gospel we find a very interesting interaction between Jesus and a group of unbelieving Jews during the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem. Jesus was in the temple area walking in Salmons Colonnade when he finds Himself surrounded by a group of Jews who desperately want Him to tell them simply if he is the Christ. Jesus responds to their intense questioning by ultimately saying, l and the Father are one. Noon 1030 NIB) Upon hearing this, the Bible says that several of the Jews picked up stones intending to stone Jesus to death.What couldve possibly caused this type of response from the Jews? It could only be that Jesus, a mere man in their eyes, was making a direct claim to be God Himself. This was considered a sin of blasphemy and was punishable by death Th is is where the passage starts to get interesting and much can be learned about the Christians true identity when we understand the intent behind Jesus words. Even though the Jews reiterate their reasoning for their desire to stone Jesus to death in verse 33 as blasphemy, Jesus response is whats most intriguing as it relates to the basis of this assignment.Being the true Rabbi and Scholar He was known to written in your Law, I have said you are gods? If he called them gods, to whom the word of God came and the Scripture cannot be broken what about the one whom the Father label apart as his very own and sent into the world? Why then do you accuse me of blasphemy because I said, l am Gods tidings? Do not believe me unless I do what my Father does. According to Author and Theologian D. A. Carson, when Jesus quotes Psalm 82, Hes proving that the word god is legitimately used to abduce to others besides God himself. Carson 1991, 397) If on that point are others whom God can addre ss as god, then why should anyone goal when Jesus says He is Gods Son? Furthermore, how could anyone object that one of the most pressing issues in the Church today is for Chrisms Followers to begin living as the gods they were created to be? After all, doesnt this Scripture seem to co-occurrence the idea that True Followers of Jesus Christ are created with Gods Divine DNA? In the very essence of their being, arent true Followers of Christ therefore divine?It is absolutely essential that Christians begin learning to live appropriately as gods if theyre going to experience everything God intended them to experience in this life. In order to completely understand what Jesus is saying in the tenth chapter of Johns Gospel, its critical to read and understand Psalm 82 in its entirely and determine precisely what was being said, to whom it was being said and why Jesus chose to quote this particular passage of the Bible at this exact moment in era while He was being accused of the sin o f blasphemy.Carson suggests a few options in correctly understanding and interpreting Psalm 82 1 . God is addressing Israels Judges The Judges are referred to as gods because they exercise Justice divinely by determining who will be saved and who will be wiped out. unfortunately these Judges are actually accused of corrupting Justice in Psalm 82. 2. God is addressing Angelic Powers Based upon evidence in the Separating and certain antique documents from Kumara, it has been suggested that the gods referred to may be fallen angelic beings.If these types of angels can be referred to as gods, then certainly Jesus appropriately uses the term in reference to Himself. 3. God is addressing Israel at the time of The Giving of the Law Many Rabbis ascribed this view of Psalm 82. Carson seems convinced that this is the most simple and yet accurate view of Psalm 82 God addressing all of Israel. (Carson 1991, 398-399) Understanding the entire context of Psalm 82 is critical to an appropriate understanding of what Jesus is saying back in John 10.If God can refer to the entire nation of Israel as gods and sons of the Most High, then Jesus has provided satirical precedent for why He chooses to refer not only to Himself as the Son of God throughout the Gospels, but specifically why its completely appropriate, even more, why its preferred that we understand our own identity as gods and sons of the Most High as we live the Christian life today. (Gabrielle 1991, 535) Indeed our complete goal in this life according to C. S. Lewis is to become a tiny Christ and to begin living out of this life-transforming truth (Lewis 1952, 58) A Compelling Argument for thesis?Thesis is a term commonly used by the Eastern Orthodox Church to describe the desired end result of the salvation process. (Lowell 1984, 1191) The word was made man, it is that men might become gods. (Lowell 1984, 1191) Similar phrases are also found with many other Church Fathers such as Euthanasia and many others t o support their understanding of what encompasses a true salvation experience. Gregory of NASA, Justine Martyr, hippopotamus of Rome, Basil of Caesar, Clement of Alexandria all understood the process of what later came to be known as Thesis. Augustine of Hippo said, For He hath retortn them power to become the sons of God.If we have been made sons of God, we have also been made gods. It doesnt get much more obvious than this. Except maybe when Clement of Alexandria said, The Word of God became man, that thou majesty learn from man how man may become God. (Roberts 1994, Volvo. 2) These and other great Theologians down through the years use Biblical Texts like Romans 829, 1 John 32 and especially 2 Peter 14 to support their understanding of the doctrine of Thesis. Certainly one moldiness consider the preponderance of the evidence when considering the doctrine of Thesis and whether or not a person has the potential of experiencing divinity.According to the Apostle Peter, believers are invited to participate in the divine spirit as the ultimate goal of every human life. This divination is in fact the ultimate spiritual experience available to everyone who identifies himself or herself as a follower of Jesus Christ. Becoming more divine, more like God by understanding the importance of taking on a divine temper may be the most important and most neglected aspect of Christian Spirituality today. In fact, if its true that divination is the ultimate fulfilment of what it authority to be human, the process may be more appropriately offered to as ultimate humiliation. (Christensen 2008, 325) Divination is not a transcending of what it means to be human, but the fulfillment of what it means to be human. As the Apostle John so eloquently says in 1 John 32, when he Jesus) appears, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is. While many readers believe this text refers to some point in the future when the believer passes on from this life and meets Christ fa ce-to-face in the next life, a growing number of theologically astute readers recognize this text as a promise for todayWhen the Apostle Paul experienced the move up Christ personally on the Road to Damascus in Acts 9, didnt he see him as he is, and wasnt he transformed by the power of Chrisms immortal? This same power is at work in the world and available to Followers of Christ today When those who claim to be believers in Christ experience the power of the Resurrected Jesus, they are truly never the same. Their lives are transformed. They are changed into Little Chrisms.They have the power of Divinity within them now as Children of the King of the Universe. In his Epistle to the Romans Paul said God predestined those whom He foreknew to be conformed to the likeness of his Son. Was this simply a promise for life in the next world, or was this meant to be a promise lived out powerfully in todays world? When Paul lived out of this life- transforming truth himself, he was used by G od to change almost everything and everyone around him.He testified as he was locked to prison guards, he stood before powerful Kings and unlike anyone else before him was able to do, Paul took the message of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles which changed the first-century world and continues to change the world today A Holistic, Spiritual Response Are we all Gods Children, or only Christians? This is a provocative question and one determine the way one approaches all of life. There are so many people who describe themselves as Christians in the world, yet never sure a proper understanding of their true identity.What exactly does it mean to be a true Christian, a little Christ? Does it mean you are simply a follower of Christ, relying upon Him for your existence in this world but more importantly looking forward to the promise of your true deification in the next world? Or could it mean that your rue divination is available right here, right now in this world and that it has untapped power and potential to not only completely alter your life as you know it, but everyone elses life who comes into contact with you?It has been the intention of this paper to show that true Christians are sons and daughters of God right here, right now in this life today, and as Gods Children, todays Christians have the power of Gods Divine DNA living in them today conjecture what an incredible impact this truth could have upon our world Imagine what could happen if all Christians began understanding and living out of their true identity in Christ. Gods Word says that as confessing Christians, we are all gods and partakers in the Divine Nature according to Holy Scripture.For many people who know this truth intellectually but have never learned out the power of this truth practically, it has had little to no impact upon their lives and religion has been Just that, stale, old religion with no perceived power to impact their lives in a practical way. But for a small minori ty of others who are beginning to grasp this truth beyond simply intellectually, it is impacting their lives and their worlds in unimaginable ways Is it genuinely possible that Protestants have missed this amazing Biblical truth for all these years?And for those Orthodox brothers and sisters who are taught this doctrine from a very young age, why hasnt it had the life-transforming effect on their lives that seems so inevitable when one begins to understand the Biblical Teaching of Thesis and Divination? What did Jesus really mean when He quoted Psalm 82 as He was about to get stoned to death for claiming to be God? It seems as though people making a lain to divinity has always had two very distinct effects on people Some are drawn to the person and give up everything to follow them and learn from them as either Gods Representative or in some cases as God Himself.Or they are completely put off by the claim and seek to put an end to the person making it (Remember the peoples response to Jesus in John 10 33). Could it be possible that there is a better way to understand Jesus complex commandment on this topic? What if the Doctrine of Thesis was never meant to have such a divisive and popularizing effect, but instead was intended o bring power to the life of every Christian and enable to live the way God originally designed them to live in this life and the life to come?It is the intention of this author to prove that the Christian response to the teaching of Divination and Self- Deification or Thesis should not be an either/or response, but a yes/and reply. (Roar 2013, 205) Yes, the Bible seems to very clearly teach that Jesus is snow% human, and it also teaches that Jesus is 100% divine. This is non-dual, inclusive thinking (Roar 2013, 235) and it is the type of thinking Christians need to implement more often if they are ever going to live the way they were designed to live as gods in a God-bathed world.What Difference Does it Make in Practical Ministry? Res ponsibility in parenting their children. An effective parent wants nothing more than for their children to know who they are at their core and to live out of that unique, God-given identity. An effective pastor also wants the members of his or her congregation to understand who they are created to be and to be able to live out of that identity. The problem with so many Christians today is that theyve never been taught who hey really are in Christ At their core being, according to Jesus own teaching in John 10, they are gods.

Some strategies that will enable children Essay

All children and young people need strategies to make certain that they can defend themselves and make appropriate decisions about safety. Although it is of import that children and young people learn to protect themselves taking their own risks ar equally important as desire as significant harm will not take place. Children in particular need to learn about strangers as some people are not al tracks leaving to be kind to them but also the significant message must be that not everyone they come into contact with is going to be someone that will present any harm.Children and young people need to wealthy person good self-esteem and confidence and a good self-image (so it is important to promote this from a young age) so they know they are important, should be respected by all and know that on that point are trusted adults there to help them and keep them safe. Some strategies that will enable children to protect themselves are Adults to reinforce about dangers that are posed by some adults which helps to minimise risk. payoff of correct behaviour with higher risk activities (e.g. Road Safety, Green Cross Code, Cycling Proficiency) With aged(a) children drug, alcohol and sex education and the effects they have on young people. It is important that an adult gives these strategies at the appropriate developmental stage (e.g. younger children may use different words for parts of their bodies) Reinforce the rights and wrongs for lawsuitHugs and kisses tell a child that it is fine to have hugs and kisses, particularly from close family but these should never be kept as a secret. Body pardon that a persons body is their possession and does not belong to any other person. If anybody touches or tries to touch your body in a way that you do not want them to or that is frightening to you and so you must say NO and inform somebody about what has taken place immediately. unusual danger Explain to a child that they must not talk to a stranger or go off with a st ranger infra any circumstances even if the stranger knows their name, says they know their evoke etc. If a stranger, bully or someone they know tries to hurt them, they must consecrate and get help whether that is towards a crowd or a shop. To be heard If a child is in a situation where they are beingness harmed they must shout out as this is acceptable when someone is hurting you or they are scared, in danger. Truth Always tell a rely adult if and what has happened to you.Secrets Do not keep any secrets about any person that is bullying, kissing or touching you. If anybody tells you to keep their actions a secret then tell an adult that you trust immediately. Bribes Do not take any gifts from anybody without your parent/carers permission. If a gift is from someone close to your family usually it will be ok however some people will use gifts you bribe you to keep something a secret.Code You could have a code word with you parent/carer which only you and they know so that i f somebody else picks you up they are told the code so that you know they are the correct person to pick you up. Sex for older children, explain about the birds and the bees when it is appropriate to have sexual relations and who with etc. Drink and drugs Explain the effects that drink and drug use can have on the health and development, how they can damage your health, well- being and can possibly put you in vulnerable situations.

SPR Based Fiber Optic Sensor

SPR Based Fiber Optic Sensor Utilizing Thin Film of Nickel Kruti Shah and NavneetK. Sharma Department of physics and Materials Science and Engineering,Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10,Sector-62, Noida-201307,India Corresponding author emailprotectedac.in Abstract.Fiber optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance, employing geld film of nickel is presented analytically. subjoin in thickness of nickel film results in the enhancement of predisposition of the sensor. SPR Sensor supported by braggy thickness of nickel film possesses utmost sensitivity.INTRODUCTIONSurface plasmon resonance i.e. SPR principle has been an important sensing method since last thirty years. In the beginning, chemical sensing utilizing SPR is demonstrated by Liedberg et al. 1.Collective resonating oscillations of vindicate electrons survive on metal floor. It produces charge density wave moving along the metal spirit level. This charge density wave is transverse wave in nature and is identified as surface plasmon wave. Surface plasmon wave is excited by incident p-polarized light. For examining surface plasmon resonance, Kretschmann geometry is exercised 2, 3. Optical fiber based SPR sensors offer more advantages than prism based SPR sensors 4-6.In the past, lot of research is conducted on optical fiber based SPR sensors 7-10. In recent times, nickel (Ni) is shown to exhibit sensing relevancy because of its excellent magneto optical merits 11. Apart from this, Ni is chemically inactive and the cost of Ni is lower than that of august metals. Hence, the use of Ni instead of noble metals decreases the price of SPR sensor. Current study discusses a SPR based fiber optic sensor utilizing thin film of Ni. Effect of thickness of Ni film on the sensitivity of SPR sensor is illustrated. Sensitivity is enhanced with the increase in the thickness of Ni film.THEORYSensing system of the sensor contains fiber karyon-Ni layer-sample medium. Plastic cladding about the core f rom the central part of step index multimode PCS fiber is eradicated and is covered with thin layer of Ni. This layer of Ni is ultimately enclosed by the sample medium. misfortune light from a white light source is allowed to enter into one end of the optical fiber and the transmitted light is noticed at the reverse gear end of the optical fiber.The core of optical fiber is formed by fused silica. Refractive index of fused silica alters with wavelength as, 23 22322 22221 22111b ab ab a) ( n? +? +? + = (1) Here, ? is the wavelength of incident light in m and a1, a2, a3, b1, b2 and b3 are Sellmeier coefficients. The values of coefficients, used in (1) are specified as, a1 = 0.6961663, a2 = 0.4079426, a3 = 0.8974794, b1 = 0.0684043 m, b2 = 0.1162414 m and b3 = 9.896161 m 12.The dielectric unceasing of a metal can be mentioned as, ) ( 1 ) (22? ? ? ? ?i ic pcmi mr m+ ? = + = (2) Where, ?p and ?c are plasma and collision wavelengths of the metal respectively. For, Ni p?= 2.5381 x 10- 7 m andc?= 2.8409 x 10-5 m. Also, the dielectric constant of sample medium is written as,2s sn =? where, sn is deflective index of the sample medium. ringing condition for the surface plasmon wave is written as, K Re sin nsp=12 (3) Here, 2 22s ms ms ms mspn nc K+ =+ =? is the wave sender of surface plasmon wave and c is the velocity of light in vacuum. Reflection coefficient of p-polarized light is calculated by using matrix method 13.Normalized transmitted former from the sensor is computed as 14. Further, the sensitivity of sensor can be described as change in resonance wavelength per unit change in refractive index of sample medium 15. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For simulation, refractive index of sample medium is presumed to be altered from 1.33 to 1.37. Values of various parameters used are mentioned as fibers numerical aperture = 0.24, core diameter of fiber = 600 m and exposed sensing region length = 15 mm.Transmitted power from the sensor is measured for opposite thick nesses (20 nm-80 nm) of Ni layer and consequent resonance wavelengths are measured. Resonance wavelengths for different thicknesses increase linearly with increase in the refractive index of the sample medium. 20 40 60 80 0 15003000 4500 6000 7500Sensitivity (nm/RIU)Thickness of Ni layer (nm) FIGURE 1. Variation of sensitivity with thickness of Ni layer. Figure 1 represents the variation of sensitivity with Ni layer thickness.Ni layer thickness is increased from 20 nm to 80 nm. Sensitivity is enlarged with increase in Ni layer thickness. The reason for this enhancement in sensitivity is ascribed to high value of real part of dielectric constant of Ni. Therefore for a fixed change in refractive index of sample medium, Ni enhances the shift between resonance wavelengths. This results in enhanced sensitivity of sensor with increase in Ni layer thickness.Thus, large Ni layer thickness leads in high sensitivity of SPR based sensor.CONCLUSIONS Theoretical analysis of SPR based fiber optic sensor with thin layer of Ni is carried out. Sensitivity of SPR based sensor is enlarged with increase in Ni layer thickness. In order to achieve highest sensitivity of the sensor, large thickness of Ni layer is advised. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Navneet K. Sharma wishes to thank Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO), India for the financial grant provided through the project number ERIP/ER/DG-ECS/990116205/M/01/1687.REFERENCESB. Liedberg, C. Nylander and I. Sundstrom, Sens. Actuat. B 4, 299-304 (1983).R. D. Harris and J. S. Wilkinson, Sens. Actuat. B 29, 261-267 (1995).E. Kretschmann and H. Reather, Zeits. Natur. 23, 2135-2136 (1968).J. Homola, Sens. Actuat. B 29, 401-405 (1995). 5. W. B. Lin, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, A. Gagnaire and H. Gagnaire, Sens. Actuat. A 84, 198-204 (2000).A. K. Sharma and B. D. Gupta, Sens. Actuat. B 100, 423-431 (2004).S. Singh, S. K. Mishra and B. D. Gupta, Sens. Actuat. A 193, 136-140 (2013).N. K. Sharma, M. Rani, and V. Sajal, Sens. Actuat. B 188, 326 -333 (2013).S. Shukla, M. Rani, N. K. Sharma and V. Sajal, Opt. 126, 4636-4639 (2015).S. Shukla, N. K. Sharma and V. Sajal, Sens. Actuat. B 206, 463-470 (2015).S. Shukla, N. K. Sharma and V. Sajal, Braz. J. Phy. 46, 288-293 (2016).A. K. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, An Introduction To Fiber Optics(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999), pp. 82-83.K. Sharma and B. D. Gupta, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 093111 (2007).B. D. Gupta, A. Sharma and C. D. Singh, Int. J. Optoelectron. 8, 409-418 (1993). 15. A. K. Sharma and B. D. Gupta, Opt. Commun. 245, 159-169 (2005).

How to Break Bad Habits and Create Positive Ones Essay

Everyone has one a bad habit (or habits) we wish we could break. Unfortunately, breaking a bad habit as anyone who has ever bitten their nails, smoked, or mindlessly snacked in front of the TV knows is not that simple. Breaking habits is hard, but bill of fareh a little determination, it is achievable.There is a reason habits are hard to break. The majority of our habits are good for us, allowing our brain to complete certain tasks on autopilot which frees space for decision making, creativity, and quick action. But the brain does not discriminate mingled with good and bad habits once something becomes a routine, whether its helpful or harmful, your brain will perform it automatically, which can make it hard to stop.Step 1 Identify the habitAll habits serve a purpose. Brushing your teeth first thing in the morning prevents cavities, stopping at a personnel casualty light prevents car accidents, and eating cupcakes when youre feeling low can deliver comfort. To make positive imp rovements, start by identifying your problem habit and its underlie cause.Step 2 Replace itOnce youve identified your habit and its trigger, find something positive to take its place. If you eat to wind down after a longsighted day of work, replace food with a walk or yoga. If you bite your nails, try chewing gum. If you smoke to relieve stress, try meditation.Step 3 sustenance the commitmentOnce youve decided to break your habit and replace it with something positive, write it down. Keeping a journal of your progress can hold you accountable part serving as a great progress marker. If youre trulycommitted to making your new positive habits stick, complete your new habit casual for 30 days. The more consistent you are, the easier it will be to continue.Step 4 Be prepared for hiccupsThrough this process, its important to remember that habits are habits for a reason they serve a purpose and our mind is trained to complete them with little to no effort. Be kind to yourself and be patient all of your attempts to wobble habits will not be successful immediately. Expect bumps along the way but continue to push through. When in doubt, think positively. If you are at wits end and the only thought in your head is I cant do this, make it a positive. I cant do this, but it will get easier.

Stoke Bruerne is a small village near towcestor off of the A5 in between Birmingham and London on the Grand Union Canal

There was various land owners before 1805, sensation of them was the Saxon lord swain watchword of Azor, son of lefs, Lord of Stoke, he in 1086 herd 21 houses with families of villains and borders the total value of the houses was 10 shillings a year.After swain the Saxon lord died with no heirs a Norman Noble took the land , it then passed from one family to a nonher, it acquired the name Bruerne from sir William de Bruerne, who was a friend of both king Richard the lion heart and his brother King John.De Bruerne help the manor of stoke and in like manner sitlehanger (shutlanger) and Aldrintone (Alderton) from William de W arnn Earl of Surrey, He was in addition a substantial Landowner.At the beginning of the 13th century Sir William was given the manor of Stoke Bruerne, and in 1217 he appointed the first Rector of Stoke Bruerne, named Richard de Rolf.In Stoke Bruerne the population increased from 609 people in 1801 to 823 people in 1971.Pre 1805 Stoke Bruerne was a half-size simple Hamlet, it had a figure of either setting, it had a church surrounded by thatched cottages, and then at that place was the farms in separate areas.Most of the people who lived thither were farmhands and had in truth low wages, they similarly did non go for much if any k forthwithledge of other villages/towns, they also rented on that point houses from landowners like the Heskeths and the Duke of Grafton, they had poor diets and eat very little meat, they eat any food that was being harvested at the time.They had a low protein die, and no access to medical care a tall so thee was high infantry mortality (babys dieing before be fore 12 months of age) thither was no dentist and low life expectancy, some people with a large enough garden would of kept chickens and maybe a pig, and would have also grown in that respect own vegetables.The supply was built for many reasons, one of which was because of transport problems, they had some roadstead, nevertheless they were alm ostly dirt tracks, on that point was problems such as rain, s flat and mud stopping this, also there were highwaymen who could rob you, and travel pikes slowed down traffic at nights, nevertheless stoke Bruerne was close to the A5 which was by and by change by Thomas Telford.Then there was the idea of transporting goods by the sea, only when there was problems such as seasonal problems like ice and driving rain, there also was all year gales, it also was quite expensive as gravy boats sank, and there was piracy.There was another idea of using the rivers, but thee also was problems with this such as flooding and drought, tidal problems, going upstream was difficult, there was also inland piracy, and not all areas have rivers deep enough and wide enough to take a boat.The speed of the transport was varied, the vaulting horse and drop back could go around 5 MPH, and so could the river boat, sea ships speeds varied on the wind speed and the direction, but the furnish had the m ost direct route unlike the horse and cart.From London to Birmingham it was roughly 100 miles, which if you went at 5 MPH non-stop in the quickest route would take 20 hours, but the roads were not the most direct route so it would take longer, and also you needed to stop to give the horses breaks and to sleep, also non of the transport routes apart from the A5 which was built at a later date were direct.Construction of the tunnel began in 1793 and with over 3,000 men working on it covering nearly 100 miles between Brentford and Braunston, but they had poor roads and lack of instantaneous communication, this made organization very hard and put a great strain on the building of the provideal, by the end of 1796 the canal had reached Blisworth from Braunston, with the 2042 yard tunnel at the Braunston summit and high embankment at Weedon and Bugbrooke then work was plannedon the long tunnel planed by jessop and bearnes to pierce the ridge on the southern side of stoke Bruerne.The pre liminary work of the Blisworth tunnel started in 1703 but cutting stopped in January of 1796, local word says the tunnel collapsed but theres no factual proof of this, jessop want to go for all locks which would of in tolled 29 in all, with a short summit with reservoirs, Barnes proposed a immature tunnel on a different line, he was supported with Robert Whitworth and John Barnes, the company agreed on principle but could not sanction work until 1802.After ample economic pressure the company had to act quickly, so they build a toll road over the hill in 1797, it had good benefit but was unable too meet the demands of the trade companys, so then Benjamin Outram was called in too make a tramway over the hill, it was a figure track road 4 ft wide.The locks had been completed and the ancillary works, the canal now awaited the opening of the tunnel, heading from both ends met on 25th of February 1805 and utmost work was completed on 19th of March, the official opening was on Monday 2 5th of March 1805, the tunnel had in fact cost 90,003 2s 4d. At 3,075 yards 2 feet, nearly 30 per yard.We see in the 1844 map how Stoke Bruerne was cut in two by the new canal and how the village street had been re routed from its ancient line along what is now chapel land to the green by the school, to now going alone its present course over the new canal bridge over the top lock.There was some buildings that changed at the opening of the canal, but some that did not change were buildings like the Church and the parsonage house, and all the cottages near the church there was also new buildings at the opening of the canal like the mill house and more pubs, also the pubs primary(prenominal) entrance changed from the town side to the canal side.While the canal was in its Golden Years stocks went up by more then ten times in forty years, in 1801 the stocks were doubled, by 1810 then stocks had then gone up by 6 times, then by 1821stocks had raised to up too 9 times more then there f irst value, and then they had got raised by even more, by 1831they had gone up by 13 times, this for stoke brokers was a huge profit and brought great riches to the town and a mess hall more jobs, the population also had a huge raise.In 1805 the canal opened, in 1815 the Napoleonic wars were ending, in 1835 the double bridge was built for the big canal to enable traffic to get through easier, in 1838 the London to Birmingham railroad track was completed, and from there on the canal was failing in profits, economically the village got stronger and more social because of more people were living there and there was a higher demand for goods as many many canal boats passed through daily with there own separate needs, also the new jobs that were available were now better paid because they required a higher level of skill and they were usually very dangerous.Also there was better quality food as there was a higher demand, the food was now usually fresher, also there was a lot more meat which helped to balance there diet, and there was more dairy products, so the health of the community improved and so did the life expectancy, and infant mortality lowered.Houses also improved, houses were now cleaner, mainly because soap was now carried through Stoke Bruerne, houses were also improved with slate and bricks now that they traveled through Stoke Bruerne, houses were also warmer because coal prices lowered and people became richer to taint the coal with, some houses now also started having glass in there windows, and there was now also a school pence tax which paid for the first school in Stoke Bruerne.There was not many complaints about the canal because either they could not write a formal complain or they did not have any power to put there word forward, but one person who did complain was the Rector, he complained because his garden was cut in half, he managed to get a bridge put up so that he could go collect his fish for Fridays dinner from his pond on the other side. many an(prenominal) people could of complained though, because we can presume that many farmers lost all of there workers, the villagers would have been annoyed about the badly behaved navies, there would have been a lot of noise because of the building of the canal, mud in the village, and dust in the summer, there would also of been a lot of horse muck because of the canal, and also there would have been great dangers of people falling in, also villagers were not rich enough to buy shares so they would of not gained from the canal as the same ways as the land owners did, but ordinary villagers did not complain because local landowners wanted the canal and the villagers were too afraid they would lose there homes to complain.When the railway line was built it hugely impacted the canal and the village of Stoke Bruerne, the canal lost shares drastically from when it was planned to up to 20 years later, it also lost much of its customers, who could now not only send there good s on the train at a faster and cheaper way, but they could also could travel with there goods to ensure there safe transport and if they fancied going to call up someone or on a business trip.In 1835 the grammatical construction of the Railway started, but also at this time they made a double lock canal to help with traffic and also to encourage more canal users, in 1838 the railway opened, the London to Birmingham Line.The Railway was built as it was a lot quicker then the canal, or any other forms of transport and that it went in a corking line near the canal, the trains traveled at speeds of around 40 MPH, and they also could carry a lot more goods then the canal, a canal carried one canal boats worth, which was not much, a train could have lots more carriages, it could carry as many carriages as it had the power to., a canal boat is about 72 feet by 7 feet, having the railway led to cheaper goods because the transport was cheaper so everyone(apart from the canal transporters) were gaining, either by cheaper transport or cheaper prices, also trains rarely suffered from seasonal problems like ice roads and flooding.Also it was cheaper too build the railway as the track was set by the canal and already surveyed, and also the canal could transport the equipment they needed like shale timber and sleepers, railways took paying passengers also which helped more money come in, also they had stations with waiting centers and loos, towns like Birmingham grew and got larger because they were on the main line of the Railway, but Northampton was not on the main line so it did not grow.Some social effects were the unemployment for canal workers in the village, but some of them would have gone to the railways, especially the engineers who were greatly needed on the railways, also the navies would have gone to the railways.Railways were less labor intense so there was less jobs available for it, but people could now commute to towcestor and other big towns and cites, which meant they now would all commute to there job and crop into a commuting village.In the 20th century Stoke Bruerne got a lot more popular, it had a larger tourism attraction to it because of its turn from a small village, to a village with a major canal running through it which brought a lot more customers wishing to either stay at there Inns, eat there or just to have a break, also there was many facilities there with equipment that boatmen needed to make it through there journey, there was spare boards among other things, but all this tourism let to high traffic problems and a lot of noise for the locals who were not best pleased, there was not much parking space so some local farmers open there fields for people to park in at a higher then average price.In summer there was a lot of litter, from the many tourists that visited Stoke Bruerne, also the pubs and shops and restaurants had higher then average prices because there was no competition between anyone else because the y were very far from any other places, and sometimes Stoke Bruerne was over crowded which made it an unpleasant place to visit sometimes.Also there was more noise because of children and there was dangers by the canal side, EG the towpath which they could of fell into if they were not careful, there was also more jobs gained by tourism, but they were seasonal and low paid, also now house prices have gone up in Stoke Bruerne because Milton Keynes and Towcestor were close by, and now nearly all the villagers are commuters.There was new transport routes made as the M1 opened in the early 1960s, and the Beaching Acts shut down the railways in the 1960s also which helped the canal slightly.In this member I am going to discuss the sources I employ to help me complete my coursework.Extracts, by David Blagrove was written in 1991 and it is a entropyary source although he would have used primary information in his research. I could say that he is bias as he is a canal enthusiast, I can pr ove this by saying that he does not deal with other modes of transport that were competition with for the canal in the midlands at the time e.g. Horse and cart on the A5 would have been the canals main competition. I am able to use other sources to prove Blagroves Evidence e.g. the 1844 map shows the rectors land split in two.The second written source is by Whittaker written in 1879, although this is a auxiliary source it is the earliest written source available to me and he also used primary evidence, it was the only source that contained population figures but its downside is it is a re-write and having not seen the original I am unable to find out weather or not valuable information has been lost.The Last Written source I wish to discuss is written by Lawrence Wood in 1975. It is a secondary source but Wood would of have had access to primary information such as marriage, death and birth certificates and information from parish records, the biggest problem with this source is th at it does not even mention the canal and really it is produced for visitors/tourists to the church.The two maps I used were dated 1844 and 1920. The 1844 map shows the layout of the canal side in Stoke Bruerne when the canal was at its busiest showing building bridges and locks. The 1920 map shows that the barge marina had been filled in, proving the canals decline as mentioned by Blagrove.Therefore I have been able to prove that the canals construction through the village of Stoke Bruerne changed the village socially, peoples jobs changed, physically, the centre of the village was no longer the church and financially, I can assume that living conditions and health improved and the canal companys made large profits.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 36

Damon was the outgrowth to move, which didnt surprise Elena. His slash jacket scorched, long burns running across his face and build up, he staggered ultimo the others through the fire and threw open the garage door. Outside, thunder rumbled overhead and a heavy rain was fal ing. Despite the rain, the garage was burning ferociously, flames licking their way up the sides of the smal building and across the roof. As they al stumbled outside, Meredith, coughing, turned her face up to the rain. Matt and Alaric supported Mrs. Flowers and placed her in the drivers seat of her car. Elena held her hands out, letting the tearaway(a) rain wash away the soot and soothe her burns. The rest of her fri sweepouts mil ed around not far from the burning garage, stil stunned.Oh, Damon, said clean. She paused to cough and wheeze for a few seconds, then leaned careful y toward Damon, avoiding his injuries, and kissed him on the cheek.Im so happy you came back.Thank you, redbird, Damon said, patt ing her on the back. Excuse me for a second I indispensableness to take care of something. He stepped away and caught Elena by the hand.In the distance came the wail of sirens, signaling the advance of fire trucks and patrol cars drawn by the fire. Damon pul ed Elena toward the dark shadows under a tree near the dwelling house. Come on, he said. You deal blood now. He felt his throat with charred fingers, then drew a fingernail against one of his veins. His leather jacket was practical y destroyed, just rags and ashes hanging from him, and the long burns on his face and body were stil red and raw- appearing, but already better than they had been a few minutes in front.I could do that, said Stefan, approaching them and leaning against the wal of the house. He looked tired and bedraggled, but his injuries, too, were already healing.Elenas always refreshing to my blood.You can definitely pitch in. entirely thats a bad injury shes got, said Damon matter-of-factly, and you dont ha ve the Power to heal it right now.Elena had been trying not to look at her right hand. Although she couldnt real y move it, it didnt hurt much anymore. Which was probably a bad sign, actual y. Did that mean the nerve endings were dead? A quick, anxious glance down at her hand made her stomach churn. Even that tiny glimpse showed her horribly blackened and reddened flesh and sloughing skin and God she thought shed seen a glimpse of bone beneath the flesh. She let out a low, involuntary whimper.Drink, said Damon impatiently. Let me fix it originally they arrange and drag you rancid to the burn unit. Elena stil hesitated, and Damon sighed and turned to Stefan again.Look, he said, his voice softening, its not always about Power. Sometimes the blood is just about winning care of someone.I know that, Stefan replied, blinking tiredly at him. I just wasnt incontestable that you did.Damons mouth twisted in a wry smile. Im an grey man, little brother, he said. I know a lot of things. He turned back to Elena. Drink now, he insisted, and Stefan smiled reassuringly at her.Elena nodded at Stefan before pushing her mouth tightly against Damons neck. The second she tasted his blood, Elena became wrapped in warmth and the pain in her hand stopped. She no longer felt the unpleasant ice-cold drumming of the rain on her head and shoulders, the icy trickle of water down her body. She was cozy and safe and loved, and time had stopped just long affluent for her to catch her breath.Damon? she thought, and r for each oneed out to his mind with hers. He answered her without words, but with a wave of affection and care, of undemanding love. Through the haze, Elena realized t here(predicate) was something new here When she and Damon had al owed their minds to touch in the past, she had often sensed that Damon had been holding back a jump of himself. Or, on the rare occasions when she got past the inner barriers hed thrown up against intruders, shed found hurt and rage, a lost child chained to a rock.Now Elena sensed solitary(prenominal) love and peace as she and Damon melted into each other. When she pul ed back from him at last, it took her a moment to return to the real world. Stefan was no longer next to them. It was raining stil , cold water running through her hair, over her shoulders, down her neck and arms and body. Her hand ached and was stil badly burned, but it had healed to the point of needing ointment and a bandage rather than surgery.A duad of fire trucks and police cars pul ed into the drive, lights blazing, sirens screaming. Closer to the garage, she saw Meredith abruptly drop Stefans arm, and Elena realized Meredith had been drinking from his wrist. She realized vaguely that she would have been shocked by this only a few hours ago she would have assumed Meredith would shy away from touching the blood of any vampire, and Stefan had always reserved his blood for Elena as part of the connection only they shared but she couldnt work up any real emotion about it now. It felt like al the barriers between their as miscellanea had broken down. Whether this new state of things lasted or not, they were al one for now. Theyd seen the worst of one another. Theyd told the truth and come out the other side. And now, if Meredith needed to be healed, of ground level Stefan would give her his blood. It would be the same for any of them. The firemen jumped from their truck and unrol ed the hoses. As they turned their attention to putting out the fire, a couple of uniformed police officers and a man who must be the fire marshal walked purposeful y toward Mrs. Flowers, Matt, Alaric, Celia, and Bonnie, al of whom were now huddled in the car. Meredith and Stefan headed toward them, too.Why didnt they help her into the house? Elena wondered aloud suddenly, and Damon turned a blank gaze of surprise on her.I have no idea, he said slowly. It never even occurred to me that we could go inside. I guess everyone felt like they should be out here to watch it burn. Make sure the phantom doesnt come out.Its like we were at the end of the world, she said softly, thinking aloud. Even the boardinghouse seemed so far away that it just wasnt part of the picture. Now that other people are here, the world is starting line to turn again.Damon hmmmed noncommittal y. Wed better get over there, he said. I think they could use some help. Mrs. Flowerss voice was raised indignantly, although Elena couldnt make out the words. As she trailed after Damon she smiled to herself Since when had Damon cared whether anyone, except Elena herself, could use some help?As they got closer, Elena could see that Mrs. Flowers had gotten out of the car and assumed her best expression of dottiness and eccentricity, blue eyes wide, arms akimbo, as Alaric held an umbrel a over her head.Young man she snapped at the fire marshal. What are you trying to imply by asking why my car wasnt lay in the garage? Surely I have every right to distribute my posses sions anywhere I like on my own spot What sort of world do we live in where I am penalized, where I am judged for not fol owing conventions? Do you dare to suggest that I business leader have had some advance knowledge of this fire?Wel , maam, its been known to happen. Im not suggesting anything, but the matter has to be investigated,said the fire marshal stolidly.Whatre al these kids doing here? one of the police officers asked, shooting a glance around. His eyes lingered on Damons burned leather jacket and the raw skinless patch on Stefans cheek. Were going to need to talk to al of you, he said. Lets start by getting your names and addresses.Stefan stepped forward and held the officers eyes with his. Im sure that wont be necessary, he said softly, compel ingly. Elena could experience him using his Power. The garage burned because it was struck by lightning in the storm. No one was here except the old lady in the house and a few of her guests. Everythings so straightforward and simple, theres no need to question anyone.The officer looked puzzled and then nodded, his face clearing. These storms can cause a lot of property damage, he replied.The fire marshal snorted. What are you talking about?Lightning didnt strike anywhere near here.Stefan shifted his gaze to the fire marshal. Theres nothing to bother investigating But the spel was broken, and now al three men were looking at him with suspicion.Stefans Power wasnt going to be strong enough to use on al three, Elena realized, and he wouldnt be able to convince even one of them if the men were al together, awakening one anothers doubts. Stefans face was drawn and tired. He had fought a long bout more than one, actual y. And Stefan was never strong in Power, not when he didnt drink human blood. If hed been worrying over her and preparing to fight the phantom, it had probably been days since he had had even more than a few swal ows of animal blood.Damon stepped forward. Sir? he said politely. The fire marsha l looked at him. If I could speak to you privately for a moment, Im sure we can clear this up.The marshal frowned but fol owed him to the back porch of the boardinghouse, the second police officer tagging along. Under the porch light, they faced Damon, at first suspicious. Gradual y, as he spoke to them, their shoulders relaxed and they began to nod and smile.Stefan spoke softly to the other officer again. Hed be able to handle influencing one person alone, Elena knew, even in his current state.Meredith and Bonnie had gotten into the backseat of Mrs. Flowerss ancient automobile so old that Elena suspected it might predate Mrs. Flowers herself and were deep in conversation, while Alaric and Celia continued to support Mrs. Flowers under the umbrel a as she listened to Stefans conversation with the police officer, Matt hovering nearby.Elena walked quietly past them and slipped into the back of the car with Bonnie and Meredith. The door shut with a satisfyingly heavy clunk, and the bl ack leather bench seat creaked and groaned under her.Bonnies red curls were soaked straight, wet tendrils hanging down over her shoulders and sticking to her forehead. Her face was smudged with ash and her eyes were red, but she gave Elena a genuinely happy smile. We won, she said. Its gone for untroubled, isnt it? We did it.Meredith was solemn yet exultant, her gray eyes shining. There was stil a smear of Stefans blood on her lips, and Elena stifled the urge to wipe it away for her. We did win,Meredith affirmed. You both did so amazingly. Bonnie, it was real y smart of you to start casting off jealousies as fast as you could. It kept the phantom off balance. And Elena She swal owed. Plunging into the fire was so brave of you. Hows your hand?Elena held out her hand and flexed the fingers in front of them. The incredible powers of vampire blood, Elena said lightly. Very useful for the aftermath of a battle, right, Meredith?Meredith flushed at Elenas teasing, then smiled a little. I dont know, she said. It seemed sil y not to use al our advantages. I feel better already.You were terrific, too, Meredith, Bonnie said. You fought like you were dancing. liquid and strong and beautiful and so supertough, the way you used your stave.Elena agreed. I never could have gotten the rose if you hadnt cut the phantom.I guess were al terrific, said Meredith. The first meeting of the Robert E. Lee High School Alumni Mutual Admiration Society is now cal ed to order.Wel have to get Matt in and tel him how wonderful he is, Bonnie said. And I guess Stefan also counts as an alum, right? I think now that the worlds changed, he might have graduated with us. She yawned, showing a smal pink tongue like a cats. Im just worn out.Elena realized she was, too. It had been a very long day. A very long year since the Salvatore brothers had come to Fel s Church and life had changed forever. She slumped down in the seat and rested her head on Merediths shoulder. Thank you for saving the town a gain, both of you, she said sleepily. It seemed in-chief(postnominal) to say it.Maybe tomorrow we can start working on normal again.Meredith laughed a little and hugged them both. Nothing can defeat our sisterhood, she said. Were too good for normal. Her breath hitched. When you were both taken by the phantom, she said quietly, I was afraid I had lost you forever. Youre my sisters, real y, not just my friends, and I need you. I want you to know that.Absolutely, Bonnie said, nodding feverishly. Elena reached out for both of them. The three friends squeezed one another tightly in a laughing, slightly tearful concourse hug. Tomorrow would come, and maybe normal whatever that was at this point would come, too. For now, Elena had her true friends. That was a lot. Whatever happened, that would be enough.

Audie Murphy

World War two was the greatest of all in all struggles ever fought on this earth, with millions of men from every corner of the planet fighting for the generate that they felt right. Out of all of these men from this war and arguably any war auditory sensation spud is the greatest. Born the seventh out of 12 children to a sh atomic number 18cropping family on June 20th 1924, all speech sound cute to do in demeanor was to be somebody (Gale). To do this Audio had to fight against the odds his entire life on to his way to becoming one of Americas most recognized and cherished people during and after the War.One of the reasons Audio was such an icon to the rest of America, is because at the end of the day he was Just an ordinary boy. all the same before the war, at the age fifteen in 1939 Audio dropped out of school to help live on his family. The year after that his father left his family making him the man of the house, only to have his mother give away when he was sevent een in 1941. These events would cause most men to break but this Just cloud Audio into trying to help the cause at war, to make himself somebody.At front he did not make headway in enlisting being only five foot five inches and a hundred and twelve mounds none of the branches of the armed forces would accept him. Eventually on the 30th of June 1942 the US Army accepted him, placing him in company B, 1st battalion, and 15th infantry regiment of the 3rd division. aft(prenominal) extensive training in Africa he was in part of the invasion of Italy, after his first contact with the enemy he verbalize Ten seconds after the first shot was fired at me by an enemy soldier, combat was no longer glamorous, Then later saying But it was important, because all of a sudden I wanted very much to stay alive (Gale).This represents very well of how Americas youth, though ready felt with their first taste of war. Out of all the eras that Audio went above the call option in which he was asked t o during his time at war, there were two instances in which he proved to everyone that he was a hero. The first instance happened when his company made their way north the eastern border of France during operation dragoon (Biography). There was a hilltop dotted with German machine gun and sniper nest he single handedly worked his way up the hill taking them out (Gale). In the midst of this his friend, Lattice Tiptop Joined him in the assault.The Germans at this point acted like they surrendered, with this Lattice stood up then was shot from the lying Germans (Biography). Seeing his friend get shot, after being lied too, Audio went on a rampage taking out the remain nest using the German guns and grenades (Gale). For this Audio was given the second highest award for valor, the Distinguished Service Cross, and for his following act of valor he is awarded the congressional Medal of Honor. Audio received the highest of all medals in woodwind in France. It all began when his B Compa ny was ambushed by six German armoured combat vehicles and infantry.He then held position to call in artillery while his troops retreated to the wood lines safety. He then headed too tank destroyer that was already hit and mounted to 50 Caliber gun, proceeding to mow down the Germans infantry. He was exposed on three sides but with deadly accurate shots he kept off all the advancing troops. Artillery then came in with deadly effectiveness, a squad of Germans tried to sneak up on Murphy but when they were within ten yards they were taken out. He was hit in the microscope stage but fired till the ammunition was gone, peeling back to the wood effective and drove the be Germans out.Audio at the end of it all saved his men and took fifty German soldiers in the conflict (Honors). After the Germans surrender to the allied forces, Audio returned home to America. He was paraded around for being a hero of war and was put on the cover of Life on July 16, 1945. After seeing this photo actor pack Chaney asked Murphy if he would try a career in Hollywood. He started doing small movies and wrote a apply about his stories in the European campaigns To Hell and Back. The post war America loved this book became a national bestseller and later a movie in which he starred in (Biography).In conclusion Audio Murphy was perhaps the most import unit during the entire war. He killed two-hundred and forty enemies in the carry through of saving his men. He is the most decorated person in history with thirty-three medals, of them there are three Purple Hearts and French Crosses of War, a Silver Star, Distinguished Service Star, and a Congressional Medal of Honor. Through Audio Murphys heroic acts of selflessness and by keeping his head level in horrific situations, he became one of Americas most loved people during and after the war. Work Cited Audio Murphy.

Forces in International Business

Has its march ons in galore(postnominal) multinational harvesting manufacturing. They do atomic number 18 effected on a daily basis by the diametrical forces of foreign trans reach and honest unwraps. These forces were assembled, and one of their ethical issues were evaluated. Forces in global traffic sector at that place argon multiple forces that effect transnational lineage.These forces ar calculators forces, natural choices and purlieual sustainability, policy-making and craft forces, adroit office and former(a) wakeless forces, the international and monetary system and financial forces. All of these forces ar things that capture Samsung Co. On a daily basis. Along with these forces, Samsung is withal tasked by ethical issues that come imposed on almost e rattling international artless. These forces are around of the founding forces that international businesses are built on and effected by on a daily basis.Calculators Forces The low gear of the forc es c each(prenominal) all overed is the calculators force. In hostel to derive what Calculators Forces are, we must netherstand what calculators is. The Merriam-Webster dictionary describes calculators as a combination of social and ultra factors. (Calculators. Merriam-Webster. ) Dictionary. Com defines it as, the combination or interaction of social and cultural factors. (Calculators. Dictionary. Com) From these two definitions social and cultural are the two big factors. are hundreds of antithetical ways to define nicety, and its a very broad term.The book, International Business, lays d proclaim virtually veracious fundamentals about what nuance is. The first drumhead that International Business says about culture, is that it is learned, and not born(p) with. This means that Just be deliver youre born somewhere, soonest necessarily mean you will adapt to the culture, precisely expense a lot of age around state who are immersed in the culture will entrust you t o adapt to it. This post be a major(ip)(ip) benefit or drawback. It does allow people to break away to saucily theater of operationss of the world and even outtually adapt to their culture, but it rouse portion out a lot of time and energy.The second point is that different separate of culture are interrelated. This second is more of a pellucid relation of culture, its basically defining that you cleart nourish some parts of culture without others. The third gear major point that is outlined is that culture s shared, patterned and mutually constructed by means of social interactions. (Ball, Donald). This point is very interesting, and what defines culture. passim the world we see many different cultures, diverged by religion, and regions, and we git see how some cultures have greatly impacted other parts of the world and their culture.Because culture is shared through social interactions, we can actually start to see a lot blending of cultures through the internet. Through the member Blending Cultures via data processor in The International Journal of New Media, it discusses the lending of European art and culture blending into parts of Chinese Contemporary artists. Without the social interactions through online sources, this is something that would have never been possible. The give out major point that is make by International Business, is that culture defines the boundaries of different groups.An example made in that book is how the Statesns are clock-watchers. A lot of cultures dont follow a similar pattern, and it makes Americans seem to always be in a rush. This makes them permit on unfriendly, arrogant, and untrustworthy, because its not something thats globularly accepted. Another interesting point on this topic is how culture varies so a good deal even within a single country itself, and can even vary in gradient lilliputian field of operationss. The best example of this that is very well known, is how people in the younger g eneration from the bay area in California are known for saying hell.This is something thats only sprung up within the last few years, but is very common in that culture, and saying it outside of even the bay area of California allows people to bound where youre from very quickly. A considerable part of socio-cultural is the constantly changing of customers preference. Samsung was fitted to capitalize on one of these variety shows not too long ago, and was up to(p) to help turn the yell industry upside down. Before 2007 Monika was the king of the cellular industry, and had complete market dominance, until apple stepped on the medical prognosis which completely changed the audio market.They added in a whole sensitive experience to the phone market. The hysteria touch the phone made Samsung sit up and take notice( Bandit, Rural) Samsung had a share in the phone market, and capitalized on the trend that apple started. They were able to acquire a contract with Googles run sys tem, android. Monika ref apply to adapt to the trend, and Samsung was able to take the leap and Jump ahead of Monika in 2011 as the elephantinest market share of mobile devices.The article How Does Socio-cultural Environment Impact a Business sums up Samsung success greatly, Samsung, the minnow when Monika was the shark, is now the outstandingst hand rophy grader in the world, and in the process, has outdone Apples phone, which many consider to be the innovation on which most modern luminousness are modeled. (Bandit, Rural) congenital Resources and Environmental Sustainability. The second major force is natural resources and environmental sustainability. This force can be split into the two different sections of natural resources, and environmental sustainability.Along with those two different sections there is geographics which plays a semi-significant part on this force, and also Porters Diamond to help analyze competitive advantage. Geography has a lot of possible effec ts on a soaring society. Google gives a great definition of geography, stating that its the study of the visible features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of tender activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, knowledge base use, and industries. (Natural Resources Google Search) Geography is very broad, and covers everything from topography of a region to climate.These things can have a large impact on how a country defines itself. Mountains can separate a entire section of a country from the rest, thus leading them to having perspicuous cultures, industries and climate. It can even lead to boundaries such as deserts or forests that act as barriers in the midst of two separate regions. (Ball, Donald) These barriers cause different needs base on the area, even though they may simply be in the same country. Porters Diamond helps analyze businesses based on four aspects of a countrys scotch environment.The fou r conditions the assessment is based off of are factor conditions related and supporting industries regard conditions and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Porters Diamond from assess the business with a high emphasis on the countries geographical attributes as a core part of its factors, and those with the most favorable diamonds are freeing to be the most successful. (Ball, Donald) ( Michael E. Porter) Natural Resources play a huge factor into the economic viability of a company, and owe and where a company can be successful.Google does well defining natural resources as materials or substances such as minerals, forests, body of water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be use for economic gain. (Non- renewable Resource. Wisped) In the book, International Business it puts a lot of emphasis on the statement that natural resources are anything thats supplied by nature which people depend on. This book also relates that both energy and unfelt minerals play an imp ortant role to business. Energy is used daily without a though, but is a very valuable natural resource, if not the most valuable..There are two major types of energy, renewable, and nonrenewable. A non renewable energy resource is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames. ( Renewable Energy. Wisped) nearly examples of nonrenewable energy resources are petroleum, coal, and natural gas. A renewable energy resource generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale. (8) close to examples of renewable energy resources sunlight, wind, rain, waves, and geothermal heat.Environmental Sustainability in business has three characteristics that are widely agreed upon limits, interdependence, and equity. (Ball, Donald) The first of these three characteristics is limits. Limits is a basic term to serve as a reminder on the realness that environment re sources are exhaustible, and that they can become toxic. The previous trend of global warming or global climate change is a great example of a limit, and how its macrocosm impacted. The second characteristic is interdependence. interdependency is defined as the relationship between ecological, social, and economic systems. Ball, Donald). This book goes on to define that an effect in one these systems will affect the other two. The last characteristic is equity. Equity is basically applying limits to interdependence. In order of Interdependence to work, there cannot be large differences in the distribution gains. This essentially means that it isnt viable to go into an area and take extreme profits without eventual resistance. Samsung is a company that takes its social responsibility, environmental responsibility, and sustainability fantastically seriously.In 2013 Samsung released its 2 page sustainability report, regarding topics such as Creating Shared Value and Giving Back with Samsung Products, Social duty Making Contributions around the Globe, Echo Product, Water Management, and a 50 page green/echo product environmental report (Samsung worldwide Harmony. Www. Samsung. Com) Directly from Samsung engineering website, this is their vision, Samsung Engineering seeks to improve conditions around the world through our social contribution programs.Company-wide, we utilize our strengths and resources to benefit local communities and help children and families in need. Individually, our employees are encouraged to take part in the many volunteer programs offered by the company. Since 2006 Samsung has been trying to enhance their energy efficiency, and respectability in their production. Theyve even implemented a Echo-Design Process to evaluate the echo-friendless of apiece new product during the development stage. . In 2012, the company set up comprehensive water conservation plans and expanded its efforts to reduce the consumption of water resources aro und the world. (Samsung Global Harmony. Www. Samsung. Com) Samsung has not interpreted being a leader in lobar applied science lightly, theyre fully applying a lot pressure to help with the sustainability of their resources, and other resources around the globe. Helping many charities and different organizations to try to help sustain our planet and keep their business profitable. Political and slyness Forces Political and foxiness forces are Just as important in any country as its culture and environment. This is because of the major impacts that political sciences can have on firms.A hospitable and stable government can encourage investment and festering despite geographic or weather barriers, or even the scarcity of natural resources. The exact arctic is true as well. A hostile or unstable government can completely push down of almost any possible investments in an area, regardless of the areas natural resources of geography. Some of the major points in the political and trade forces are government stability, and trade restrictions. political science stability can have a huge impact on business.When government stability is defined, there are two different possible definitions. Government stability can be defined as the governments ability to maintain itself and stay in power, or it can be defined as the permanence of the governments policies. Ball, Donald) A business is able to be at its most prosperous when the government is able to keep both of these definitions intact. Instability on the other hand is when a government cannot maintain itself in power or makes sudden, unpredictable, or radical policy changes.It is troublesome for business to flourish when government is unstable. (Ball, Donald) Business can operate under almost any set of rules and restrictions, though some are much more difficult to operate under than others. The biggest issue is when government policies are constantly changing. The reason this is difficult is cause frequent cha nges cause business difficulties when complying to rules and regulations. This can cause business to have to change their business models or how they operate almost overnight. With changing policies it can potentially grind some firms too halt.Trade restrictions can be one of the biggest problems when operating an international firm. There are a lot of arguments for trade restrictions such as national defense, sanctions to punish offending nations, protect infant industry, protect domestic Jobs from cheap foreign savvy, scientific tariff or fair competition, retaliation, dumping and subsidies. Some of these have a much higher impact than others, but all of these are great arguments towards trade restriction. One of the best of these arguments stems from developing nations requesting barriers on imports of competing products.This allows the developing country to sustain itself and build up its on infrastructure while developing products that might be common place elsewhere. The arg ument is that a new industry needs time develop and gain experience before being forced to manage with worldwide competition. Another good argument is the national defense argument. This argument basically requests hat there are trade restrictions on certain industry imports, and that theyre vital for security, and must be kept operating even though they are not competitive with the foreign suppliers. Ball, Donald) The reason for these vital industries are so that during times of immediate war a country wouldnt suffer from excess problems because theyre not able to have the proper defense equipment. This could range from guns and tanks, to as simple as shoes. Having an insufficient supply of footwear at times of war can cause a lack of shoes for civilians and soldiers which can lead to unnecessary casualties. These trade restrictions arguments all raise their own valid points and each have their own benefits and negativisms.Ever since the introduction of Samsung ingenuity they ha ve been in sanctioned battles all over the world with Apple trying to make it court-ordered for them to sell their phones, and not be infringing on copy right law of natures. Almost every country has had their own legal battle with Samsung and apple with new ones emerging every day. With Samsung being based on southernmost Korea they were able to have a lot of political influence there. In the article , Korea Fair Trade Commission clears Samsung use of tankard-essential patents against Apple, it refers to how Samsung used its power in Korea to basically influence these decisions.With Samsung being a big part of Koreans market they were able to get their essentials patents against Apple cleared allowing them to continue operation as usual. (SAMSUNG ENGINEERING. Samsung Engineering) knowing Property and Other effective Forces The fourth of the international environmental forces is noetic property and other legal forces. The best way to sum up this section is given by, Interna tional Business, saying International business is affected by many thousands of laws and isolations issued by states, nations, and international organizations. The reason this is a really outstanding abridgment is because not only are international businesses subject to the laws of the countries they operate in, but also the states and even cities they are based in. The other few main points of this section include international legal forces, international argufy settlement, and intellectual property. International legal forces are governed by international laws. International laws can be divided into two subcategories, public international law and hush-hush international law.Public international law can be defined as the relations between governments, including laws concerning diplomatic relations and all matters and obligations of those nations. (Ball, Donald) Private international law are the laws concerning the transactions of individuals and companies crossing international borders. (Private International Law. U. S. Department of State) International laws come from some(prenominal) different sources, but the main and most important of these are treaties between nations. Ball, Donald) A treaty is basically an agreement under international law, and can also be known as an agreement, protocol, covenant, invention, pact, or turn of letters, and all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same (Treaty. Wisped) Some International organizations have been make outd to entrust a forum to help create treaties between different countries. A few examples of these would the United Nations or the European Union.Handling international laws are great, but without being able to enforce them they lead nowhere, this is where international divergence settlement comes in. Litigation is the process conducted in order to determine and enforce legal rights, this is essentially the investigation proces s behind laws such as international treaties. This process can be incredibly heterogeneous and expensive, and in addition to the trial itself the process can require a pretrial. A pretrial is essentially an pre investigation which requires all facts and relevant information to the litigation from both sides to come forth. Ball, Donald) The other part of international dispute settlement is arbitration. Arbitration is a process agreed to by both parties that instead of going to court, they will attend a neutral person or party the makes a binding decision. Legal Dictionary gives a great summary of arbitration, saying Arbitration is a well- established and widely used means to end disputes. It is one of several kinds of Alternative Dispute Resolution, which provide parties to a controversy with a choice other than litigation.Unlike litigation, arbitration takes place out of court the two sides select an impartial third party, known as an arbitrator agree in advance to comply with the arbitrators award and then introduce in a hearing at which both sides can present evidence and testimony. The arbitrators decision is commonly final, and courts rarely reexamine it. (10) Intellectual property encompasses many different exclusive manufacturing rights. These are patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, each which have their own separate meaning and purpose.A patent in the United States is defined as, an intellectual property right granted by the Government of the United States of America to an inventor to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention throughout the United States or importing the invention into the United States for a contain time in exchange for public disclosure of the invention when the patent is granted. (11) A trademark or trade name can be defined as, A shape, a color, design, catchy phrase, abbreviation, or vowelise used by merchants or manufacturers to designate and differentiate their products. (Ball, Donald) A copy right is, Exclusive legal rights of designers, composers, creators of software, playwrights, artists, and publishers to publish and dispose of their works and are protected under the Berne Convention of 1886 which is adhered to by 164 countries. (Ball, Donald) possibly one of the biggest legal battles regarding intellectual property in history is a battle still being fought today. That battle is Apple Inc v. Samsung Electronics Co. These cases are strictly regarding the design of smartness and tablets.The spring of 2011 apple began litigation over several patent infringements by Samsung. (United States District Court) Eventually the litigation opened up to 19 different cases spanning across ten different countries. (Liableness, Chloe) A basic summary of this case is that apple patented the shape of its phone and the color design and layout of its SO right before the release of the first Phone in 2007. In 2011 Apple opened up some cases against Samsung referring to Samsung breaking patents, trademarks, ND the use of its style over multiple devices. (Apple Inc. . Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. Wisped. ) After a few months in dispute apple submitted evidence of side by side comparison between an phone and a specific galaxy model. This evidence sour out to be tampered with which lead to even further investigation. (Liableness, Chloe) Since the cases were opened, there have been multiple trials and appeals. This has lead to some countries fully banning Samsung products, and countries punishing Apple forcing them to essentially pay to Samsung for slandering their name. (Apple Inc. V. Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. Wisped. ) International Monetary Arrangements and terrorism International monetary system and terrorism have a large impact on how some international businesses are able to operate. One of the major factors in the international monetary system is international Exchange. The reason why this is a large factory is because most corporation s like to do business in their own property, because then they dont have to assume the risk that can come with specie exchange. (Ball, Donald). This is prevalent because it can cause major problems when converting to other currencies.Samsung being one of the world largest manufacturers and suppliers of electronics faces themselves working with many different currency on a daily basis. Being the largest Smartened supplier in the world they deal with a large amount of exchanges. This is because some of their phone parts are produced in different nations, and then sold in almost of every country around the world. Ethical Issue One of the belike the biggest ethical issues go about before Samsung is the entire child labor debacle in 2012. In 2012 Samsung was investigated for using illegal labor practices in their Chinese manufacturing facilities.The claims against Samsung were that in some cases were that employees were working 16 hour days, and also that some employees were under th e legal working age of 16 years old. (windcheaters. Com) After the investigations were complete Samsung was found guilty of these practices, but that they were not the ones responsible for these practices. They were able to essentially cover their tracks in these cases and switch a majority of the blame. (Grandson, Odin) Samsung probably didnt portray Christian values in this situation, as they were not respecting the laws in that country.This is finitely a large issue in the manufacturing process, as it is able to provide cheap labor for their company. Conclusion Samsung is an international company that is effected by the different international force of business on a daily basis. These forces determine everything from where and when to sell products, how to ship, where to manufacture a long with a multitude of other things. Samsung is also faced with ethical issues. Through the thick and thin Samsung has been able to use these forces to put themselves at the head of the pack go a leader in international electronic manufacturing.Forces in International BusinessIntroduction McDonalds is a corporation from the United States that has done a great deal of business internationally for many years, and is well-known globally. McDonalds is listed at number 378 on Fortunes Global 500 list, and brought in over $22 billion in revenues in 2010. Sociocultural Forces Sociocultural forces include the different aspects of grounds that exist in one culture in comparison to another(prenominal). These aspects include aesthetics, religion, language, education, etc.It is important to remember that culture is not something that is innate to specific persons, but is rather something that is learned through experiencing the culture. Along those lines, culture is also shared between all of the members of the culture, and all aspects of it are interrelated. In fact, group boundaries are caused by culture and set persons feeling towards different actions. The imagination that ones o wn culture is better than another is called ethnocentrism. Natural Resources and Environmental SustainabilityThe second force encompasses natural resources and environmental sustainability. Natural resources are based upon reparation within the world and advantages that these resources give a nation relative to the rest of the world. Some of these resources are limited, and over time if taken into account can become depleted or cause harm to the environment in another way. The concern for the sustainability of these resources should be of some concern to businesses operating internationally because it affects their decisions and the decisions of those they are negotiating with as well.Economic and Socioeconomic Forces Economic and socioeconomic forces also play parts as forces that affect different countries. The economic forces include different levels of economic development including developed, developing, and newly industrialized countries/economies. Socioeconomics affect the e conomies of different countries and regions individually based on their own social norms. Power levels can be defined by the strength of the deliverance that either a country or a business has as well.This concept is also intertwined with the concept of exchange rates. Political Forces Political forces affect countries and businesses as well. Some political forces include nationalism, national or international conflicts, international organizations, and types of governments such as communism, socialism, and capitalism. Whether a country is conservative or liberal can also play a part in the politics of a region. Political forces spill into the international legal system too which makes them of great concern to businesses.A major part of political forces in regards to business is trade restrictions or tariffs which cost the business more money to export or boycott their business altogether. Intellectual Property and Other Legal Forces International business can be influenced by conc epts of intellectual property and other legal forces as well. One major legal force that can influence a businesss decisions is international law. International law is divided into both public and private laws. Public international law revolves around relations between governments including the rights and obligations of sovereign nations.Private international law lords over the transactions made by individuals and companies in regards to international borders. Intellectual property comes from a person or companys intellect, and these ideas are protected by laws which include the use of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. Financial Forces and the International Monetary System Financial forces including the international monetary system which contains financial institutions, agreements, rules, and processes play a major part in the decisions that businesses make in regards to international markets.The value of a countrys currency as well as the exchange rates relative to either their floating currency or their being on the gold standard is a huge factor to consider as a business negotiating across borders. Most businesses will hedge their investments in order to protect themselves from losing money imputable to constantly changing rates of exchange. Labor Forces Finally, the seventh force affecting international business has to do with labor. Classifications such as size and average age of a workforce, as well s unemployment rates, all affect the manner in which an international business reacts to its current and potential workforce. A major issue making its mark on the global economy right now is brain drain, which causes the skilled workers of a developing country to migrate for greater professional and economic reasons. All of these forces must be taken into account when involved internationally as business. McDonalds Cultural Forces In the book Golden Arches East, the author discusses how when McDonalds moved their business into the Far East, they were forced to reevaluate the culture there.In Japan especially, the idea that America exists in a class of its own is a type of fantasy that prevails in the fondest thoughts of those who consider it. For Japan, McDonalds is a symbol of this fantastic culture, and brings in many customers because of this (especially from the younger population). From the perspective of the civilizing process McDonaldshashelped to create an entirely new concept of manners. (p. 181) says Watson (1997). Through the introduction of fast food into the culture, McDonalds has introduced an entirely new concept of manners to this culture.The book also discusses how the high amount of rice in the diet there also affected their business decisions. Watson (1997) states, McDonalds has gained ample recognition among Japanese consumers. However, our image is that of a light-meal eatery for young people. We are not regarded as a place for adults to have dinner. (p. 164) McDonalds is not a fast-food restaur ant there as it is in the US, but rather a trendy place to get a snack. McDonalds and the Environment McDonalds Economic ForcesWages paid to citizens of European countries have a high ratio of variability, and therefore McDonalds had to adjust their pricing and payment strategies when they entered the European market. (Royle, 2000, p. 158). Royle states, Unions in Germany had to accept the possibility of even lower wage (p. 158). In addition, executives in many European countries were hired for just a fistful of dollars (Royle, 2000, p. 165). The pricing systems for their menus had to be adjusted based on the expectations that the economy had for them as well.This caused a serious change which McDonalds had to adjust to in order to achieve success in this new environment (Royle, 2000, p. 167-169). McDonalds Political Forces Politics also holds a great deal of power over wages paid in each country McDonalds moves its business into. Royle talks about different wages that are require d by governments in European countries, for example, in addition to the basic Danish kroner per hour, workers receive an supernumerary DKr 9. 15 per hour for any hours worked during Monday to Friday between 600 p. m. nd midnight (p. 163). There are several other stipulations on payment that are made by law that Royle lists throughout the rest of the chapter. In addition, McDonalds is constantly under fire from several interest groups who are trying to make sure that McDonalds uses humanely raised and slaughtered animals from suppliers that have shown concern about this. This is another political pressure that concerns McDonalds as they attempt to meet the cultural standards for the ethical treatment of animals. McDonalds Legal Forces McDonalds Financial ForcesMcDonalds Labor Forces McDonalds has a massive workforce worldwide which it uses to expand and maintain its numerous international ventures. hamburger University is a training program used specifically to train new leaders fo r the McDonalds workforce. At a location in Shanghai, mainland China, admission is a competitive opportunity. More than 26 percent of Chinas 6. 3 million college graduates were unemployed as of July 1 (Wei, 2011), this means that McDonalds is able to exact who they want to apprentice at Hamburger University.McDonalds hopes to grow from 1,300 stores to 2,000 in China by 2013 (Wei, 2011), and Hamburger University will be a major part of meeting the labor requirements for that goal. References Adams, C. (2007). Reframing the Obesity Debate McDonalds Role May Surprise You. Journal of Law, Business, & Ethics, 35(1), 154-157. doi 10. 1111/j. 1748-720X. 2007. 00120. x Ball, D. , Geringer, M. , Minor, M. , & McNett, J. (2009). International Business The Challenge of Global Competition. New York McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Royle, T. (2000). Working for McDonalds in Europe Unequal Struggle?.London Routledge. Watson, J. L. (1997). Golden Arches East McDonalds in East Asia. Palo Alto Stanford Universit y Press. Wei, M. (2011). Hamburger University Shanghai is Sizzling. Business Week. Retrieved from http//www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/11_06/b42140224816 05. htm http//site. ebrary. com/lib/calbaptist/docDetail. action? docID=10130868 http//site. ebrary. com/lib/calbaptist/docDetail. action? docID=10093669 http//www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/11_06/b4214022481605. htm http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? id=21&sid=4dbd75e7-4603-4bc6-b27f-659024024242%40sessionmgr12&vid=1&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=bsh&AN=6548577 http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=21&sid=1689342b-eff5-4b11-bd46-334cdb6d982f%40sessionmgr4&vid=2 http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? hid=21&sid=0d1c68a6-c38a-433c-b083-e62eeb6477a2%40sessionmgr15&vid=2 http//libproxy. calbaptist. edu2078/ehost/detail? vid=14&hid=19&sid=76bace0c-5005-49d0-bae3-8988a91b1f5e%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=aph&AN=24181440 Reframing the Ob esity Debate McDonalds Role May Surprise You.